文章目录
  1. 1. 关闭防火墙
  2. 2. 关闭selinux
  3. 3. 关闭swap
  4. 4. 同步时间
  5. 5. 添加主机名与IP对应的关系
  6. 6. 将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables 的链
  7. 7. 安装Docker
  8. 8. 添加阿里云YUM软件源
  9. 9. 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
  10. 10. 部署Kubernetes Master
    1. 10.1. 初始化kubeadm
    2. 10.2. 使用kubectl工具
    3. 10.3. 安装Pod网络插件(CNI)
  11. 11. Node节点加入集群
    1. 11.1. 如果token忘记了,则可以通过如下操作:
  12. 12. 测试kubernetes集群
    1. 12.1. Node节点的添加和删除,及集群角色设定
    2. 12.2. 将Pod调度到Master节点
  13. 13. 证书过期
    1. 13.1. 查看证书过期时间
    2. 13.2. 更新证书
    3. 13.3. 更新 ~/.kube/config 文件
    4. 13.4. kubelet client certificate
      1. 13.4.1. reboot node

部署规划

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10.211.55.18     k8s-node1
10.211.55.19 k8s-node2
10.211.55.20 k8s-node3

备注:第1步~第8步,所有的节点都要操作,第9、10步Master节点操作,第11步Node节点操作。 如果第9、10、11步操作失败,可以通过 kubeadm reset 命令来清理环境重新安装。

关闭防火墙

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$ systemctl stop firewalld

关闭selinux

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$ setenforce 0

关闭swap

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$ swapoff -a    临时关闭
$ free 可以通过这个命令查看swap是否关闭了
$ vim /etc/fstab 永久关闭

同步时间

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yum install ntpdate
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

添加主机名与IP对应的关系

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$ vim /etc/hosts
添加如下内容:
10.211.55.18 k8s-node1
10.211.55.19 k8s-node2
10.211.55.20 k8s-node3

将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables 的链

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$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
$ sysctl --system

安装Docker

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1)下载并安装
$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum install docker-ce-20.10.17

2)配置镜像加速
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}
EOF

3)设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable docker
$ systemctl start docker

4)查看Docker版本
$ docker --version

添加阿里云YUM软件源

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cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

在部署kubernetes时,要求master node和worker node上的版本保持一致,否则会出现版本不匹配导致奇怪的问题出现。本文将介绍如何在CentOS系统上,使用yum安装指定版本的Kubernetes。
我们需要安装指定版本的kubernetes。那么如何做呢?在进行yum安装时,可以使用下列的格式来进行安装:

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yum install -y kubelet-<version> kubectl-<version> kubeadm-<version>
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.20.1 kubectl-1.20.1 kubeadm-1.20.1 kubernetes-cni-1.20.1

如果出现错误提示,只需要清除yum缓存即可,然后再执行安装命令

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$ yum clean all

使用yum安装程序时,提示xxx.rpm公钥尚未安装
使用 –nogpgcheck 命令格式跳过公钥检查,如下

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$ yum install -y kubelet-1.20.1 kubectl-1.20.1 kubeadm-1.20.1 kubernetes-cni-1.20.1 --nogpgcheck

# 开机启动
$ systemctl enable kubelet

部署Kubernetes Master

初始化kubeadm

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kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.211.55.18 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.1 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

当出现如下结果,表示初始化顺利

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...
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.211.55.18:6443 --token m5fkxk.kf136eeya8v8ye5u \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3cf64ae72021e28adba5a7a99d2897b4f6a8a338997258027473cab4bf3d4f39

建议至少2 cpu ,2G,非硬性要求,1cpu,1G也可以搭建起集群。但是:1个cpu的话初始化master的时候会报 [WARNING NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2部署插件或者pod时可能会报warning:FailedScheduling:Insufficient cpu, Insufficient memory如果出现这种提示,说明你的虚拟机分配的CPU为1核,需要重新设置虚拟机master节点内核数。

查看镜像

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$ docker images

使用kubectl工具

复制如下命令直接执行

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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

下面就可以直接使用kubectl命令了

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$ kubectl get node

安装Pod网络插件(CNI)

  • 安装插件
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
  • 查看是否部署成功
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$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
  • 再次查看node,可以看到状态为ready
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$ kubectl get node

安装失败了,执行如下命令,清理环境重新安装:

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$ kubeadm reset

$ rm -rf /etc/kubernetes
$ rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/

Node节点加入集群

向集群添加新节点,执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令:
复制上面命令,在node节点上执行

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kubeadm join 10.211.55.18:6443 --token m5fkxk.kf136eeya8v8ye5u \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3cf64ae72021e28adba5a7a99d2897b4f6a8a338997258027473cab4bf3d4f39

如果一直卡在 “Running pre-flight checks” 上,则很可能是时间未同步,token失效导致

第一步,检查master、node时间是否同步?

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$ date
执行如下命令同步时间
$ ntpdate time.nist.gov

第二步:如果还有其它错误如 Port 10250 is in use,执行如下命令

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$ kubeadm reset

$ rm -rf /etc/kubernetes
$ rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/

然后再重新执行kubeadm join … 操作

执行成功后:

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[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

再通过master节点查看node,发现node节点已以成功加入集群,并且Status状态为Ready

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NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready control-plane,master 13m v1.20.1
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 4m8s v1.20.1

如果token忘记了,则可以通过如下操作:

  • 查看token,如果token失效,则重新生成一个
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$ kubeadm token list
$ kubeadm token create
  • 获取ca证书sha256编码hash值
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$ openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
  • 节点加入集群
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kubeadm join 10.211.55.18:6443 --token m5fkxk.kf136eeya8v8ye5u \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3cf64ae72021e28adba5a7a99d2897b4f6a8a338997258027473cab4bf3d4f39

测试kubernetes集群

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$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --``type``=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc
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$ kubectl get pod,svc -o wide

通过浏览器访问:http://10.211.55.18:30328 可以正常访问

Node节点的添加和删除,及集群角色设定

  • 添加node节点
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kubeadm join 10.211.55.18:6443 --token m5fkxk.kf136eeya8v8ye5u \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3cf64ae72021e28adba5a7a99d2897b4f6a8a338997258027473cab4bf3d4f39
  • 执行成功后会在node节点的/etc/kubernetes目录下出创建kubelet.conf和pki等文件信息,同一节点再次加入时需要清空该目录下的文件信息
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[root@centos-7-node ~]# cd /etc/kubernetes
[root@centos-7-node kubernetes]# pwd
/etc/kubernetes
[root@centos-7-node kubernetes]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1909 4月 25 20:22 kubelet.conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 12月 19 01:28 manifests
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 4月 25 20:22 pki
[root@centos-7-node kubernetes]#
  • 在master节点查看集群节点信息
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[root@k8s-3 ~]# kubectl  get node
[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready control-plane,master 33m v1.20.1
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 23m v1.20.1
# 查看信息时,看到几个节点的状态都是NotReady,是因为还没有安装flannel插件,

# 等待几分钟后的信息,查看node节点的docker镜像,自动下载flannel镜像并创建网卡信息
[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready control-plane,master 33m v1.20.1
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 23m v1.20.1
  • 设置node的角色
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[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node1(节点名字)  node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
node/k8s-node1 labeled
[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready control-plane,master 36m v1.20.1
k8s-node2 Ready node 27m v1.20.1
  • 先将节点设置为维护模式(k8s-4是节点名称)
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[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl drain k8s-node1 --delete-local-data --ignore-daemonsets --force
  • 删除k8s-node1节点
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[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl delete node k8s-node1
node "k8s-node1" deleted
[root@centos-7-master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready control-plane,master 36m v1.20.1

将Pod调度到Master节点

  • 出于安全考虑,默认配置下Kubernetes不会将Pod调度到Master节点。如果希望将k8s-master也当作Node使用,可以执行如下命令:
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kubectl taint node k8s-node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
  • 其中k8s-master是主机节点hostname如果要恢复Master Only状态,执行如下命令:
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kubectl taint node k8s-node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule

当只有一个master和一个node节点,在master可调度的情况下,node节点失联或者挂掉,node节点上的pod在k8s默认的检查时间之后并不会重新调度到master的情况

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If the cluster contains 1 master and 1 worker and the nodeName of your master node is ending with "master"(e.g XXXmaster).
The pod will not be evicted from the worker node.

It is because the controller-manager does not take the node with nodeName ends with "master" as the worker node.
kubernetes/pkg/controller/nodelifecycle/node_lifecycle_controller.go

Lines 1004 to 1016 in 2adc8d7

func legacyIsMasterNode(nodeName string) bool {
// We are trying to capture "master(-...)?$" regexp.
// However, using regexp.MatchString() results even in more than 35%
// of all space allocations in ControllerManager spent in this function.
// That's why we are trying to be a bit smarter.
if strings.HasSuffix(nodeName, "master") {
return true
}
if len(nodeName) >= 10 {
return strings.HasSuffix(nodeName[:len(nodeName)-3], "master-")
}
return false
}

If all worker nodes are NotReady, the controller-manager will enter master disruption mode.
Disruption mode :#42733 (comment)

Around August last year we introduced a protection against master machine network isolation, which prevents any evictions from happening if master can't see any healthy Node. It then assumes that it's not a problem with Nodes, but with itself and just don't do anything.

I stop the kubelet on worker node and the controller-manager logs shows:

I0126 15:19:20.901414 1 node_lifecycle_controller.go:1230] Controller detected that all Nodes are not-Ready. Entering master disruption mode.
If you want your pod can be evicted from worker node in 1 master 1 worker cluster, you can:

set LegacyNodeRoleBehavior feature gate on controller-manager to false, for example, edit the controller-manager manifest, which is located at /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on your master node
...
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-controller-manager
- --allocate-node-cidrs=true
- --feature-gates=LegacyNodeRoleBehavior=false <-- add this line
- --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf
...

rename the nodeName of your master node, do not ends with "master"

Pods are not moved when Node in NotReady state

Kubernetes recreate pod if node becomes offline timeout

证书过期

查看证书过期时间

在 Master 节点上,执行 kubeadm certs check-expiration 命令,查看证书过期时间。

更新证书

使用

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kubeadm certs renew all

命令来更新证书。

更新 ~/.kube/config 文件

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cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chmod 644 $HOME/.kube/config

kubelet client certificate

执行如下命令生成新的 kubelet.conf 配置文件

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# $NODE 表示集群中的节点名称
kubeadm kubeconfig user --org system:nodes --client-name system:node:$NODE --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml > kubelet.conf

cp -i kubelet.conf /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
systemctl restart kubelet
reboot node
文章目录
  1. 1. 关闭防火墙
  2. 2. 关闭selinux
  3. 3. 关闭swap
  4. 4. 同步时间
  5. 5. 添加主机名与IP对应的关系
  6. 6. 将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables 的链
  7. 7. 安装Docker
  8. 8. 添加阿里云YUM软件源
  9. 9. 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
  10. 10. 部署Kubernetes Master
    1. 10.1. 初始化kubeadm
    2. 10.2. 使用kubectl工具
    3. 10.3. 安装Pod网络插件(CNI)
  11. 11. Node节点加入集群
    1. 11.1. 如果token忘记了,则可以通过如下操作:
  12. 12. 测试kubernetes集群
    1. 12.1. Node节点的添加和删除,及集群角色设定
    2. 12.2. 将Pod调度到Master节点
  13. 13. 证书过期
    1. 13.1. 查看证书过期时间
    2. 13.2. 更新证书
    3. 13.3. 更新 ~/.kube/config 文件
    4. 13.4. kubelet client certificate
      1. 13.4.1. reboot node